Epidemiological aspects of colorectal cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract

Relevance: Colorectal cancer is one of today’s most critical health issues globally and in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Taking leading positions in the general structure of oncopathology, this nosological form of tumors forces clinicians to develop ways to improve statistical indicators.
The study aimed to review the epidemiological aspects of colorectal cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2011 to 2020.
Methods: Comparative analytical assessment was made to analyze the statistical indicators of the oncological service of the Republic of 
Kazakhstan for ten years, from 2011 to 2020. 
Results: We revealed an increase in the share of early (I-II) stage colon and rectal cancer cases. The share of early stages of rectal cancer was 61.5% in 2011 compared to 68.5% in 2020; in colon cancer, it was 36.5% and 53.1%, respectively. The share of advanced (locally advanced) stage III cases of visually accessible rectal cancer has decreased from 25.2% in 2011 to 18.3% in 2020. The overall 5-year survival in 2020 amounted to 50.7% for colon cancer and 46.0% for rectal cancer, and these were the best rates in the entire decade. We also found territorial specifics in this pathology incidence. The one-year and overall mortality from these diseases have decreased, amounting to 29.2 in 2011 and 18.8 in 2020 for rectal cancer, 31.9 and 19.8 for colon cancer, 4.5 and 3.9 in rectal cancer, 4.8 and 4.1 in colon cancer, respectively.
Conclusion: An analytical assessment of the statistical indicators of colorectal cancer over the decade showed that there are regions that 
excel in incidence rates from year to year. At the same time, indicators of early diagnosis and overall 5-year survival have improved, and one-year and overall mortality has decreased.