Evaluation of the efficacy of anti-CD38 antibodies in the treatment of multiple myeloma: results of retrospective study

Abstract

Relevance: A breakthrough in managing multiple myeloma is associated with introducing monoclonal antibodies, significantly increasing overall response rates and improving progression-free survival. Combination regimens with monoclonal antibodies and immunomodulators demonstrate high efficacy even in patients resistant to previous lines of therapy.

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of using anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (daratumumab) in patients with multiple myeloma after one or more prior therapy lines with other drugs.

Methods: A retrospective medical data analysis was conducted on 22 patients with refractory or relapsed MM who received daratumumab from February 2018 to November 2023. Patients received daratumumab either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents. The efficacy assessment was performed using the criteria of the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG).

Results: The overall response rate to daratumumab treatment was 59.1%. The overall survival rate was 100% at two years and 95% by the end of the analysis period. Disease progression was observed in 22.7% of patients. The safety profile was acceptable, with mild to moderate side effects predominating, including thrombocytopenia, anemia, and neutropenia.

Conclusion: Daratumumab is an effective treatment for patients with refractory or relapsed MM who have undergone multiple prior lines of therapy. Treatment with daratumumab leads to significant improvements in clinical outcomes and progression-free survival. These data support the feasibility of using daratumumab in MM therapy and highlight the need for further study of its combination regimens and predictive factors for better therapeutic response.