Dynamics of morbidity and mortality in malignant neoplasms of the head and neck in the world and the Republic of Uzbekistan

Abstract

Relevance: According to GLOBOCAN 2020, the number of newly reported cases of head and neck tumors worldwide, without division by 
sex and age, was 369,980 cases, with the number of deaths – 367,285 people. The incidence of malignant neoplasms (MN) of the head and neck is growing steadily in the Republic of Uzbekistan and worldwide. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the head and neck MN prevalence increased in natural figures from 2,906 cases in 2016 to 2,951 cases in 2020, with a growth by 45 cases compared to 2016.
The study aimed to assess the epidemiological trends of head and neck tumors in the world and the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2015-2020.
Materials and Methods: The global situation with head and neck tumors was analyzed based on GLOBOCAN data. The object of the study was to statistical data on all cases of head and neck malignancies in the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the reported data provided by oncological institutions, according to the adopted state form of accounting and reporting documentation Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 7ССВ 
“Information on diseases of malignant neoplasms.” In the Republic of Uzbekistan, an assessment of the incidence, prevalence, and mortality from MN 
of the head and neck was carried out with the definition of trends and the average annual average age of patients with head and neck tumors.
Results: World trends in morbidity and mortality from head and neck malignancies show differences depending on the territories and the level of economic development. In 2020, 13,552 deaths from head and neck malignancies were recorded in Uzbekistan (including 6323 and 7229 in male and female patients, respectively). The mortality rate from head and neck malfunctions per 100,000 population of the Republic of Uzbekistan was 
40.0‱₀, which is 0.35% higher than in 2019 and 28.7% higher than in 2009.
Conclusion: Analysis of the epidemiological situation in terms of head and neck malignancies in the Republic of Uzbekistan showed a tendency towards an increase in this disease. This determines the need for further research on the diagnostics of head and neck malignancies.