THE ROLE OF MONOCLONAL B-CELL LYMPHOCYTOSIS IN PREDICTING LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Relevance: Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), introduced by the World Health Organization in 2017 to classify certain types of blood diseases, opens up new perspectives in classification but also raises issues that require further study. MBCL studies are important for improving diagnosis and monitoring, which can contribute to the early detection and prevention of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

The study aimed to evaluate the immunophenotypic aspects of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis and the risk of progression to chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Methods: A review of scientific publications examined the causes of MBL and its association with CLL, emphasizing immunophenotypic aspects of these conditions. A literature survey provided information on factors associated with the progression of MBL to CLL, including biomarkers and clinical characteristics, allowing a more comprehensive assessment of the risk of leukemia in patients with MBL.

Results: Numerous studies regarding the association between MBL and CLL were analyzed. The analysis showed that MBL often precedes the development of CLL, with MBL clones being detectable years before clinical diagnosis. This supports the hypothesis that MBL may be an early biomarker for detecting developmental risk. Various studies emphasize significant ethnic and geographic differences in the prevalence and progression of MBL and CLL. These differences may be related to epigenetic factors, immunoglobulin rearrangements, and other genetic features. Understanding these differences is important for more accurate diagnostic and prognostic approaches that consider individual and patient population characteristics.

Conclusion: The analysis shows that further investigation of the association between MBL and CLL and the introduction of screening programs for early detection of MBL can significantly improve the prognosis and health of patients in Kazakhstan. The review results emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and an individualized approach to treatment. This will help prevent MBL progression to CLL and improve the quality of medical care in our country.