The value of methods for diagnosing alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: A clinical case

Abstract

Relevance: Rhabdomyosarcoma is extremely rare in practice. Clinical manifestations of rhabdomyosarcoma are diverse, which complicates the timely diagnosis of diseases of this group. The use of modern diagnostic methods in the complex will allow for accurate diagnosing and choos-ing proper treatment tactics.
This study aimed to evaluate the informativeness of various research methods in diagnosing alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
Methods: The article describes a clinical case of a male patient with the diagnosis: “Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with metastasis of the lungs, pleura, peripheral, subclavian, inguinal lymph nodes, pelvis, bone marrow” presented as a lymphoproliferative disease, diagnosed at the medical center of the Marat Ospanov State Medical University (Aktobe, Kazakhstan).
Results: According to immunohistochemistry: “The histological structure of the tumor and its immunophenotype correspond to alveolar rhab-domyosarcoma. The immunophenotype of the bone marrow sample: CD45neg-CD56+CD7+CD2+CD3+CD38+CD34- did not exclude a solid tumor.
Conclusion: This clinical case aroused great interest in our medical institution due to its rarity, thereby revealing difficulties in diagnosing a patient with multiple life-threatening tumor lesions. The clinical case again proves that alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is characterized by an extremely aggressive course and an unfavorable prognosis. A long and accurate examination, including IHC, flow cytofluorometry, and morphological studies, was required to verify the diagnosis. These results should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.