The problem of human papillomavirus and the prevention of cervical cancer: A literature review

Abstract

Relevance: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common infection transmitted worldwide. It has high oncogenic activity and is the main reason for the development of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the leading cancer in women, especially in developing countries. Preventive measures, like vaccination, are of special significance in light of HPV’s high prevalence and its connection with cancer.
The study aimed to examine current literature data on the role of HPV vaccination in the prevention of cervical cancer.
Methods: The analyzed data were obtained from scientific publications, clinical research, and systematic reviews on HPV and cervical cancer prevention. More than 120 full-text sources were examined, of which 27 publications were selected for inclusion in the review.
Results: An analysis of numerous epidemiological and clinical studies showed the high effectiveness of HPV vaccination in preventing HPV-associated diseases, including cervical cancer.
Conclusion: HPV vaccination is a powerful instrument of primary prevention of cervical cancer and other HPV-associated diseases. The widespread implementation of vaccination, especially in adolescence before the start of sexual activity, has the potential to significantly reduce the global burden of the RSM. However, given the long latent period of disease development, screening programs remain important and should be carried out in parallel with vaccination.