The Lauren classification prognostic value and survival analysis in patients with gastric cancer

Abstract

Relevance: Numerous pathohistological classification systems are used to diagnose gastric cancer (GC). Several studies have examined the relationship between the pathohistological characteristics of gastric cancer and various patient-related aspects, as well as factors influencing the course and prognosis of the disease. The Lauren classification system remains an accessible and widely used method for classifying gastric cancer, having been correlated with the clinical, histological, and molecular features of these tumors. This article presents a statistical analysis and evaluates the prognostic significance of the Lauren pathohistological classification system for gastric cancer, aiming to determine the most relevant classification for predicting overall survival in patients with this disease.
The study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer based on the Lauren classification and to assess its value in predicting the overall survival of patients with gastric cancer.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, a multidisciplinary team reviewed and discussed the data of 161 patients with GC from Aktobe. All patients met the criteria of the diagnostic and treatment protocol for oncology patients in the Republic of Kazakhstan (Order No. 174, dated November 21, 2022) for surgical treatment and were newly diagnosed with gastric cancer at any stage, aged 18 years or older. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). The Pearson chi-square test was used to analyze the association between the Lauren classification and clinicopathological factors. The study was conducted at the Medical Center of West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University based on pathomorphological reports collected from January 2020 to
August 2024.
Results: In the analysis of 161 gastric cancer cases, the Lauren classification showed a statistically significant association with the
clinicopathological characteristics of the disease and patients’ overall survival. The diffuse type was associated with a more aggressive course and worse prognosis. The intestinal type was more frequently observed in patients with favorable prognostic features. Statistical analysis using the Pearson chi-square test revealed significant differences in survival rates between the Lauren subtypes.
Conclusion: The Lauren classification remains a clinically significant and reliable tool for the prognostic stratification of gastric cancer patients. According to Lauren, the tumor type enables the assessment of disease aggressiveness and prognosis, supporting informed therapeutic choices and a personalized approach to treatment.