THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RESECTION EDGE IN THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER: A LITERARY REVIEW

Abstract

Relevance: Optimal surgical approaches in the treatment of breast cancer are essential for modern oncology, aiming to reduce the risk of recurrence and improve survival. This literature review analyzes the importance of edge resection in surgical breast cancer treatment. It includes an extensive analysis of scientific publications, systematizing knowledge about the clinical significance of the resection margin, its impact on recurrence risk and survival, and its role in organ-preserving operations.

The study aimed to evaluate the significance of the resection margin in the surgical treatment of breast cancer.

Methods: The research methodology included a systematic search in electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, as well as in national scientific repositories and databases of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This approach made it possible to cover significant domestic research in the review. The search was performed using keywords and phrases including “breast cancer,” “edge of resection,” “organ-preserving surgery,” “breast cancer,” “resection margin,” “margin width,” “breast cancer recurrence,” “breast-preserving surgery” and “mastectomy.”

Results: The resection edge definition is key for the successful surgical treatment of breast cancer. Studies show that the molecular subtype of the tumor does not determine the status of surgical margins in patients undergoing breast preservation therapy. An adequate width of the resection margin, determined by considering clinical recommendations and patient characteristics, increases the likelihood of removing all tumor cells, reducing the risk of recurrence and increasing the chances of long-term remission.

Conclusion: The importance of the resection margin in the treatment of breast cancer remains the subject of active research and discussion. Although there is much data, there are still contradictions regarding the optimal width of the resection margin and its effect on recurrence and survival. Most studies confirm the importance of adequate resection margin width to reduce the risk of local recurrence, especially during organ-preserving operations. Modern innovative methods such as intraoperative imaging and advances in molecular biology and genetics of breast cancer help to improve the definition of the resection edge.